Spain: Building a new economic model, brick by brick

Spain is suffering the biggest economic downturn since the statistical records are available. A fall in GDP of 3% in the first quarter of 2009 and 800,000 new unemployed people have shown the hardness of the situation.

The party is over and somebody has to face it. The government blames the construction sector and the international financial crisis but does not go beyond in its analysis what is hampering the possibilities to do something helpful.

The government has recently come with the idea of changing the economic model from a brick-based economy to a knowledge-based economy. However, as a first measure, a 8,000€ millions pack has been approved to fund works at city councils in a desperate attempt to stop unemployment figures, which reached 17.36% and over passed 4 million people.

None of the structural reforms suggested by international institutions are being adopted, but the last message from the government, just before European Parliament elections, is that they could see a few “green shoots” in the economy.

You have to excuse me but, as an economist, I do neither understand about “green shoots” nor about “Brussels sprouts”. What I know is that only a good analysis of the situation and a coherent plan of action will drive us out of the crisis and I haven’t seen any of them yet.

Tanenbaun was right about the limits of bandwidth

It is a well known joke between the internet geeks that there is no faster and more reliable way of delivering data than storing on a external device at origin and then take the car and go to destination to load them. No ADSLs (2 or 2+), not even optical fibre to the home, just the biggest mass storage system you have and traditional transport.

When I first read that comparison was in a text book (written by Andrew S. Tanenbaun) titled "Computer Networks" (ISBN 0-13-066102-3) . I was a freshman engineering student and state-of-the-art modems where then 9600 bps in Spain. I think the Megabyte had not yet been invented and it was sort of a mythological concept. In those dark times (1993), it was indeed true and even exchanging floppy disks was faster than the internet but we all thought that it was just a matter of time.

Well, again I could not have been more mistaken. This joke, has recently become a business. Amazon launched (still in beta) a new service called AWS Import/Export which basically implements the delivering of big amounts of data onto or off the cloud bypassing the Internet. That is to say, using the postal system!!!

Amazon argues that for significant data sets, AWS Import/Export is faster than Internet transfer and more cost effective than upgrading connectivity. In my opinion Amazon's new service says a lot about the state of the network and about what can be expected from its improvement in the near future.

Sadly, Tanenbaun was right about bandwidth, and postal service has officially become a new network operator with this peering agreement with Amazon. :)

When the web was backed up on a floppy disk

On Friday afternoon, CERN celebrated the 20th anniversary of the moment were the web was born. The document "Information Management: a Proposal" that sir Tim Berners-Lee handed to his boss in March 1989, and his approval to go forward with his vague but exciting proposal, triggered the development of one of the most successful inventions of the human history.


The decision of making web technologies available free of charge as open standards through World Wide Consortium has probably been the most important factor impacting success and global adoption of the Web. I hope that all those, who are trying to lock nets, protocols and user's rights, or applying unfair taxes to its free use, take a comprehensive look back at history and ever understand the damage they are causing to all of us.

I'd like to post the video with the celebration that the CERN webcasted on Friday but I'm afraid it is not still available or at least I have not been able to find it, except as a pay service at euronews.net.

You can find there curiosities like the original computer used as the first web server, browser and editor (they even connected it to a projector!!!), their first thoughts on things like the first browser address bar, (which they did not thought it would be useful), or the opinions of the original team about the unfortunate name they gave to the WWW (they are still regretting it)

And my favorite one. They explained how Tim Berners-Lee usually stored the whole world wide web on a floppy disk because he was not confident of corporate back ups.

The video contains several funny pearls especially for all those, like myself that have been passionate about the Web this last 20 years; and perhaps tried to contribute a bit to the development of this extraordinary vehicle for innovation, communication and collaboration that is even changing some principles of world economy and business models ... bringing us the so-called open economy.

Happy 20th birthday World Wide Web!!!!! ...

Web 2.0: The business model

Hace casi un año escribí junto con Jose Emilio Labra Gayo un capítulo para un libro acerca de los nuevos modelos de negocio que están surgiendo en la era Web 2.0. El libro lo ha publicado la editorial estadounidense Springer con el título Web 2.0: The Business Model, y en él se incluyen aportaciones de investigadores que desarrollan sus carreras profesionales en universidades y compañías de todo el mundo, desde Australia a los Estados Unidos, pasando por China, Portugal, Países Bajos, Dinamarca o España. La compleja labor editorial de coordinar varias decenas de autores dispersos por todo el mundo ha sido posible gracias al gran trabajo realizado por personas de la experiencia de Miltiadis D. Lytras , Ernesto Damiani y Patricia Ordóñez de Pablos.

Labra y yo aportamos el capítulo "Doing business by selling free services", construido a partir de la ponencia "Hacer negocios vendiendo servicios a 0 €" que hice en mayo en el Globaltech 08 de León, donde coincidimos y en la que se gestó esta colaboración. En él hacemos un análisis de los modelos de negocio de la gran variedad de servicios que se han popularizado en internet bajo la tendencia Web 2.0 y que se ofrecen de forma gratuita para el usuario.

Hemos caracterizado en cuatro modelos de negocio, que no tienen por qué ser excluyentes, la forma en que estos servicios obtienen sus ingresos para subsidiar su uso gratuito por el usuario final: la venta de publicidad, el intercambio de trabajo, la colaboración en masa y el bien conocido "freemium". El capítulo termina con un caso de estudio, Euroalert.net, que en mayor o menor medida combina todos los modelos de negocio que describimos y el cuál conozco particularmente bien por ser un servicio de la compañía en la que trabajo.

Escribir con Labra y compartir publicación con otros investigadores de todo el mundo es una gran satisfacción para mí por el reconocimiento profesional que supone, pero sobre todo porque mi actividad principal, aunque muy centrada en la innovación, está en principio alejada de la investigación académica. Quizá la colaboración Universidad empresa, que busca la reforma de Bolonia en sus postulados y que describía Juan Vicente hace unas semanas sí que sea posible y quizá desde las empresas tengamos algo que aportar a las Universidades ...